Iran’s Ageing Helicopters and the Impact of Sanctions

Iran’s aviation sector has faced significant challenges due to foreign sanctions, particularly those dating back to the 1979 revolution and subsequent restrictions related to its nuclear program and support for the so-called Axis of Resistance1. Here are some key points:

1. Sanctions and Aircraft Procurement:

• Foreign sanctions have made it difficult for Iran to obtain new aircraft or essential parts. As a result, the country’s airlines and military have struggled to maintain their fleets.

• The US arms embargo further exacerbated the situation, leading to the deterioration of Western-made aircraft operated by Iran. The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force resorted to cannibalizing existing aircraft and reverse-engineering parts2.

1. Aviation Accidents:

• Between 1979 and 2023, Iran experienced 253 plane crashes, resulting in the loss of 3,335 lives1.

• Notable incidents include:

• 1980: A Boeing 727-100 crash due to an inoperable instrument landing system (ILS) and limited visibility.

• 1986: A Lockheed C-130 Hercules crash caused by a fault in the altimeter.

• 1988: The deadliest accident involved an Airbus A300 shot down by the US Navy cruiser USS Vincennes, killing all 290 occupants.

• 2002: A Tupolev TU-154 crash due to crew error in Khorramabad1.

1. Recent Tragedy:

• In May 2024, Iran’s President Ebrahim Raisi and Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian died in a helicopter crash in East Azerbaijan province. The Bell 212 helicopter they were traveling in was decades old and manufactured in the United States13.

1. Flood Response Challenges:

• Sanctions have also impacted disaster response. Iran attempted to purchase search-and-rescue helicopters but faced obstacles due to sanctions45.

In summary, Iran’s ageing helicopters, coupled with sanctions, have contributed to aviation accidents and hindered disaster relief efforts. The situation underscores the need for improved aircraft maintenance.